门诊分诊叫号系统构建

以江苏省人民医院为例，介绍医院门诊分诊叫号系统设计。从软硬件实现两方面阐述系统整体架构、具体功能和应用实践，指出该系统有助于改善门诊就医环境、减轻医护人员工作压力、提升患者满意度。     

舒胃汤联合复方消化酶胶囊治疗肝胃不和型功能性消化不良临床效果观察

目的:探讨分析舒胃汤联合复方消化酶治疗肝胃不和型功能性消化不良(Functional Dyspepsia,FD)的临床效果。方法:选取2016年2月-2019年2月收治的108例肝胃不和型功能性消化不良患者随机分为观察组和对照组,观察组给予舒胃汤联合复方消化酶胶囊治疗,对照组给予复方消化酶胶囊治疗,比较两组临床疗效,治疗前后中医症状评分、胃功能指标。结果:观察组临床疗效总有效率为94.44%较对照组显著提高(P<0.05),治疗前两组中医症状评分无统计学差异(P>0.05),治疗后两组早饱、上腹灼烧感、餐后饱胀不适、上腹痛评分均显著下降,且治疗后观察组早饱、上腹灼烧感、餐后饱胀不适、上腹痛评分下降更显著(P<0.05),治疗前两组胃功能指标无统计学差异(P>0.05),治疗后两组胃排空、胃动素、胃泌素指标水平均显著提高,且治疗后观察组胃排空、胃动素、胃泌素指标水平改善更显著(P < 0.05),观察组不良反应发生率为5.56%,较对照组显著性降低(P < 0.05)。结论:舒胃汤联合复方消化酶胶囊治疗肝胃不和型功能性消化不良可显著提高临床疗效,改善患者临床症状,促进胃功能提高,降低不良反应发生率,值得应用。     

医联体基层医疗机构人才培养SWOT分析

医联体是指一定地域内不同类型层级的公立医疗机构组合起来,成立协作联盟或组建医疗集团,成为利益共同体和责任共同体,即实现金字塔格局的分层诊疗模式。本文以人才流动理论着手,以XX医院医联体"送下去、请上来"的基层单位临床骨干人才的培养方式为例,结合SWOT分析法,SWOT分析法是是一种能够较客观而准确地分析和研究一个组织或单位发展现状的研究方法 ,对该模式的内外部资源以及环境展开分析,探寻为院医联体基层单位临床人才培养的相关制度,为医联体人才培养提供依据,同时探讨该举措在培养医联体成员单位临床骨干人才的作用及需要改进的方面,从积极争取支持、设立集团内绩效制度、实现文化理念相结合、加速信息共享平台的建设等方面进行改善。     

Evaluation of antioxidant capacity and reproductive toxicity of aqueous extract of Thai Mucuna pruriens seeds

ObjectiveIn traditional medicine, the seeds of Thai Mucuna pruriens (T-MP) are used to treat male dysuria and are believed to enhance fertility. However, information pertaining to the toxicity of T-MP and its interaction with other properties is limited. This study was thus conducted to evaluate the antioxidant capacity and subacute toxicity of T-MP in the reproductive system.MethodsTotal phenolic content and antioxidant capacity of T-MP seed extract were determined using total phenolic content, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl and ferric reducing antioxidant power assays. Male and female adult rats were treated orally with T-MP at a dosage of 150 or 300 mg/kg body weight for 14 consecutive days. Sex hormones and functional parameters in the liver and kidney were evaluated. Histopathology of all tissue was conducted using Masson’s trichrome staining. Sperm parameters, including concentration, morphology, acrosome reaction status and DNA damage, were also examined. Expression of tyrosine phosphorylated protein (TyrPho), androgen receptor and A-kinase-anchoring protein 4 (AKAP4) were investigated using the Western blot technique.ResultsT-MP seed extract contained phenolic compounds and exhibited high antioxidant capacity with no toxicity at the tested doses. It did not affect liver or kidney function parameters in the male rats, but increased estradiol, aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase levels in the females. Additionally, it decreased serum progesterone and alkaline phosphatase levels in female rats. Serum and intratesticular testosterone levels were significantly lower in male rats that received a high dosage of T-MP. Histopathological changes were not observed in any tissue treated with T-MP. T-MP also significantly increased sperm concentration (but did not affect sperm parameters), and enhanced testicular TyrPho protein and androgen receptor and expression of AKAP4 in sperms.ConclusionT-MP seed extract exhibited antioxidant capacity and was not harmful to reproductive tissues. It also had a phytoestrogenic effect on females and increased the expression of testicular and sperm markers of male fertility.     

消化道肿瘤完全植入式给药装置临床应用中国专家共识及操作指南（2019版）

完全植入式给药装置(totally implantable access port,以下简称PORT)是完全植入皮下并可长期留置的输液通道,可用于各种液体输注,包括化疗药物、肠外营养液和血液制品等。PORT具有护理简单、感染和栓塞风险低以及病人舒适度高等优势。根据不同输注路径,PORT包括静脉型^[1]、腹腔型^[2]和动脉型^[3]、鞘内型^[4],临床以静脉型PORT应用较为广泛。     

β-blocker therapy for infantile hemangioma

ABSTRACT

Introduction

Fifteen percent of proliferating infantile hemangioma (IH) require intervention because of the threat to function or life, ulceration, or tissue distortion. Propranolol is the mainstay treatment for problematic proliferating IH. Other β-blockers and angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors have been explored as alternative treatments.     

Validation of the post-neoadjuvant staging system of the American joint committee on cancer, 8th edition,in patients treated with neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy followed by curative esophagectomy for localized esophageal squamous cell carcinoma

ObjectiveThe American Joint Committee on Cancer 8th edition staging system presents separate classifications for pTNM and post-neoadjuvant ypTNM (ypTNM-8th) to enhance prognostic prediction after neoadjuvant therapy and surgery. We aimed to validate the ypTNM-8th staging system and to compare the prognostication performance of ypTNM-8th with that of pTNM-7th and pTNM-8th in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) patients receiving neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (nCRT).MethodsWe reviewed 207 ESCC patients treated with nCRT between January 2007 and December 2014 and compared the Akaike information criterion (AIC) and Harrell's C-index to determine the prognostic performance of each TNM system.ResultsSurvival curve analysis of pTNM-7th and -8th showed a stepwise drop in survival from ypT0N0 to advanced stages, whereas the survival outcome of ypStage III showed a better prognosis than that of ypStage II according to ypTNM-8th. Lymphovascular invasion, perineural invasion, and tumor regression grade were significantly associated with overall survival on univariate analysis. Each TNM system showed significant p-values for trend (p < 0.0001 each), but after adjusting for prognostic factors, ypTNM-8th did not significantly predict survival (p = 0.15), whereas pTNM-7th remained significant (p < 0.001). pTNM-7th incorporating ypT0N0M0 and ypT0 (is)N + M0 as separate groups was superior in prognostication as its AIC was smaller and its C-index was higher than those of pTNM-8th and ypTNM-8th, respectively.ConclusionsBecause ypTNM-8th did not provide sufficient prognostication for patients with ESCC treated with nCRT followed by esophagectomy, more sophisticated prognostic classification should be developed for the ypTNM staging system in these patients.     

Prioritization of Patients with Abnormal Breast Findings in the Alerta Rosa Navigation Program to Reduce Diagnostic Delays

IntroductionIn Mexico, there are considerable health system delays in the diagnosis and treatment initiation of women with breast cancer. Alerta Rosa is a navigation program in Nuevo Leon that aims to reduce barriers that impede the timely management of these patients.Patients and MethodsSince December 2017, women who registered to receive medical evaluations by Alerta Rosa were stratified based on their clinical characteristics into three priority groups (“Red,” “Yellow,” and “Green”). According to the category assigned, patients were scheduled imaging studies and medical appointments with breast specialists on a preferential basis.ResultsUp until December 2019, 561 patients were scheduled for medical evaluations. Of them, 59% were classified as “Red,” 25% “Yellow,” and 16% “Green” priority. The median time from stratification to first medical evaluation was 4, 6, and 7 days, respectively (p = .003). Excluding those who had a prior breast cancer diagnosis, 21 patients were diagnosed by Alerta Rosa, with the initial “Red” priority classification demonstrating a sensitivity of 95% (95% confidence interval [CI], 75.1%–99.9%) and specificity of 42% (95% CI, 37.1%–47.1%) for breast cancer. The median time elapsed from initial patient contact to diagnosis and treatment initiation was 16 days and 39 days, respectively. The majority (72%) of patients were diagnosed at an early stage (0–II).ConclusionThis patient prioritization system adequately identified women with different probabilities of having breast cancer. Efforts to replicate similar triage systems in resource‐constrained settings where screening programs are ineffective could prove to be beneficial in reducing diagnostic intervals and achieving early‐stage diagnoses.Implications for PracticeLow‐ and middle‐income countries such as Mexico currently lack the infrastructure to achieve effective breast cancer screening and guarantee prompt access to health care when required. To reduce the disease burden in such settings, strategies targeting early detection are urgently needed. Patient navigation programs aid in the reduction of health system intervals and optimize the use of available resources. This article presents the introduction of a triage system based on initial patient concern. Appointment prioritization proved to be successful at reducing health system intervals and achieving early‐stage diagnoses by overcoming barriers that impede early access to quality medical care.     

High-definition optical magnification with digital chromoendoscopy detects gastric mucosal changes in dyspeptic-patients

BACKGROUND Accurate detection of gastric infection by Helicobacter pylori(H.pylori) and premalignant lesions are important for effective provision of treatment,preventing the development of gastric neoplasia.Optical enhancement systems with optical magnification improved the identification of mucosal superficial and vascular patterns in patients with dyspepsia.AIM To evaluate an optical enhancement system with high-definition magnification,for diagnosis of normal gastric mucosa,H.pylori-associated gastritis,and gastric atrophy.METHODS A cross-sectional,nonrandomized study from November 2015 to April 2016 performed in a single-tertiary academic center from Ecuador.Seventy-two consecutive patients with functional dyspepsia according to the Rome III criteria,were tested for H.pylori using a stool antigen test and were assigned to an Hp+group or an Hp-control group.Esophagogastroduodenoscopy with highdefinition optical magnification and digital chromoendoscopy was performed,and patients were classified into 4 groups,in accordance to the microvasculararchitecture pattern of the mucosa.Interobserver and intraobserver agreement among operators were calculated.RESULTS Of the 72 participants,35 were Hp+ and 37 were Hp-.Among 10 patients with normal mucosal histology in biopsy samples,90% had a Type I pattern of microvascular architecture by endoscopy.Among participants with type IIa and type IIb patterns,significantly more were Hp+ than Hp-(32 vs 8),and most(31 out of 40) had histological diagnoses of chronic active gastritis.Two of the three participants with a histological diagnosis of atrophy had a type III microvascular pattern.The type I pattern predicted normal mucosa,type IIa–IIb predicted H.pylori infection,and type III predicted atrophy with sensitivities of 90.0%,91.4%,and 66.7%,respectively.The intraobserver and interobserver agreements had kappa values of 0.91 and 0.89,respectively.CONCLUSION High-definition optical magnification with digital chromoendoscopy is useful for diagnosis of normal gastric mucosa and H.pylori-associated gastritis with high accuracy,but further studies are needed to determine whether endoscopic diagnosis of gastric atrophy is feasible.